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Contents
/ t6 `$ e1 |4 E' G. L$ o" [ E1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3" @; }: o/ E$ }$ {
1.1 Split Supply vs Single Supply.................................................................................................... 3
% F, D- r% M5 A* m/ _! j1.2 Virtual Ground.......................................................................................................................... 4
; L" P2 w) Y" v# N1.3 AC-Coupling ............................................................................................................................. 4
9 {2 S" z. Z. X' n" |/ I" T1.4 Combining Op-Amp Stages ...................................................................................................... 5
0 y3 P4 J, Y J9 S2 B/ S1.5 Selecting Resistor and Capacitor Values .................................................................................. 5" Q3 V/ G+ }0 J0 {/ c' h
2 Basic Circuits ............................................................................................................................... 5
6 ^% m3 x% g. ?8 R- Q1 }2.1 Gain......................................................................................................................................... 5
+ L# U5 @/ L4 @# S2.2 Attenuation ............................................................................................................................... 6$ }) Y& @1 O1 s: X
2.3 Summing ................................................................................................................................. 9
7 Z7 z7 C: n7 J \6 z2.4 Difference Amplifier .................................................................................................................. 9
! I7 ~ d. L& \2.5 Simulated Inductor.................................................................................................................... 9
9 k# w% ^* N* C7 u* I3 g' p2.6 Instrumentation Amplifiers ...................................................................................................... 10! Y! A8 D3 S/ k6 s2 l2 w1 O% M* F& g+ Q
3 Filter Circuits ............................................................................................................................... 12' H$ S+ w+ Z3 W- Z, Q
3.1 Single Pole Circuits................................................................................................................. 13
% S- K/ v6 V# d$ ^. S3.1.1 Low Pass Filter Circuits .............................................................................................................135 \: I0 Y$ Y. B* ~( {) N
3.1.2 High Pass Filter Circuits.............................................................................................................135 j) p$ i) m9 D
3.1.3 All-Pass Filter ............................................................................................................................140 j& F8 K: }: k1 I
3.2 Double-Pole Circuits ............................................................................................................... 15
; M* j' U3 d! q3.2.1 Sallen-Key................................................................................................................................15
* J/ g' |( r0 l# W6 B% A2 ]3.2.2 Multiple Feedback (MFB)...........................................................................................................16
6 t3 g( {9 v# |* O3.2.3 Twin T ......................................................................................................................................17
- ^0 A b: k/ D; q0 d3.2.4 Fliege .......................................................................................................................................20
$ I6 _1 u5 G- }2 c/ Z3 [" X% x3.2.5 Akerberg-Mossberg Filter ..........................................................................................................22& m2 B& ~6 w9 v5 R: ?, Y
3.2.6 BiQuad .....................................................................................................................................24
5 O6 f' X* N2 `$ l. V3.2.7 State Variable...........................................................................................................................25" H" S, c/ n4 J8 U; R" l5 r
4 References.................................................................................................................................. 25/ x: D8 K2 ^: X: f3 i! M2 C& ?9 s
Appendix A – Standard Resistor and Capacitor Values ................................................................. 26
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8 P: t* Q4 E1 [& l[ 本帖最後由 sjhor 於 2007-5-11 10:12 PM 編輯 ] |
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