這是小弟寫的看一看您應該會比較清楚) b. t" X3 b7 K" Y$ F- _
DC versus AC& U5 `+ m5 {! Z+ m+ H: a, f6 I$ M
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+ C- e4 [9 W6 E _) N& j<電路上為何要先設置直流 才看交流> This section highlights the importance of an accurate pre-determined DC compact model.\cite{dc!!!} For compact model developers, extraction of the DC parameters always needs to be carried out before the extraction of AC ones.For devices measurement, DC measurement has to be carried out before AC measurement.
, J- R: _: s5 K1 C2 XFor modern IC designers, DC analysis needs to be carried out before AC analysis.\cite[4.6.4]{smith!} For SPICE-like simulators, DC simulation also needs to be swept first and then follows by AC simulation.\cite{nlz!}In other words, before performing all other simulations such as Transient, S-parameter, AC, DC simulation stands as the initial first step. From the device-level perspectives,
& B& v3 t4 P" T$ w7 h, ` @) Da set of nonlinear differential equations which describes the terminal characteristics of DUT are written in a compact model.The equations are solved by SPICE-like simulators.
% D' {$ ?4 z9 m* HThe procedure of establishing equations, describing device's electrical characteristics, in a compact model and have them solved by SPICE-like simulators is termed as: Device Characterization. The fully Characterizations are treated by two independent steps: (1)DC Characterization or DC parameter extraction(2)AC Characterization or AC parameter extraction.Characterizing a nonlinear electronics component always begins with DC characterization and follows by the AC characterization.Because the AC model is originated from linearization of the DC model at an indicated operating point.
; k/ V/ l6 {7 N. e+ O( hAccordingly, accuracy is highly required in DC characterization because of its priority in the procedure of parameter extraction. From the circuit-level perspectives,Circuit analysis refers to solving a circuit with KVL and KCL.To be more specific, it means solving out nodes voltages and branches currents of each element in a circuit.As the source of stimulus can be systematically separated into DC sources and AC sources,
( f. ]8 D, @- w8 b! eThe unknown/solutions of the circuit are also separated into DC part and AC part. Analyzing a circuit is treated in two independent means A)DC analysis (B)AC analysis
$ \& t0 @; V+ vThe separation between DC analysis and AC analysis greatly simplified a complex circuit.DC analysis is being carried out before AC analysis.DC analysis determines the Q-point, including each node voltage and branch current. % B2 j/ W# o D- i' b! I
AC analysis gives the frequency response, including bandwidth and gain.Before performing AC Analysis, the DC operating point needed to be calculated from DC analysis first.
1 ]6 A! g2 k/ j0 K& W1 V5 f \This is to construct a linear small-signal model for the nonlinear component. So, the small signal (AC) response is highly dependent upon the preset (DC) bias condition.
" f; C6 S: W: e' [1 M. nDC simulation in analog SPICE-like simulator, aims for computing the equilibrium points, which are the calculated DC node voltages and DC branch currents in a circuit.3 e) {4 T! a0 J: I3 v6 i
They are the DC solutions of the DC equivalent equation/circuit. A circuit will only reach its equilibrium if its stimulus is off and the independent sources are remained constantly employed. ' V4 E; }: {- W5 ~* ~
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